Artificial neural network based generation scheduling: a case study for Belgium's national grid

Modern power system energy management system involves generation scheduling as one of the core components. Generation scheduling function has to satisfy the main objective of economics, which involves an optimization of cost over a future period of time. Also it depends on the availability of the various types of generation. The present paper describes an artificial neural network (ANN) based method for scheduling of generation for the national grid of Belgium. The supervised multilayer perceptron based training produces satisfactory results in scheduling of non-renewable energy sources, with prior information on the availability of renewable energy sources.Keywords:Artificial neural network, generation scheduling, non-renewable energy, renewable source

Solar Generation Prediction using Artificial Intelligence: A Review

Solar energy generation is one of the most promising and fastest-growing renewable energy sources for the generation of useful energy worldwide. Forecasting of solar power is the most essential for the planning of grid operations, mainly in residential microgrids, to optimize and manage the energy produced in a dispatchable trend. Due to the inability of deterministic methods to accurately forecast solar power generation due to their dependency on natural inputs, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based techniques are required to be implemented.  AI techniques clubbed with stochastic methods are considered to be highly effective for solar generation forecasting. In this review, various artificial intelligence-based supervised and unsupervised learning methods for solar energy generation prediction are analyzed. The use of weather and environmental inputs for supervised learning is also compared. The accuracy of prediction of solar generation using several AI, Machine Learning, and Neural Network-based techniques are also analyzed in the paper. The paper presents an overall picture of the use of Artificial-Intelligence based techniques in solar generation prediction in the world

A review on Day-Ahead Solar Energy Prediction

Accurate day-ahead prediction of solar energy plays a vital role in the planning of supply and demand in a power grid system. The previous study shows predictions based on weather forecasts composed of numerical text data. They can reflect temporal factors therefore the data versus the result might not always give the most accurate and precise results. That is why incorporating different methods and techniques which enhance accuracy is an important topic. An in-depth review of current deep learning-based forecasting models for renewable energy is provided in this paper

Electrical Methods of Soil Moisture Measurement: A Review

Soil moisture is an important factor that is of immense importance in the field of engineering, agriculture and ecology. The permittivity of soil is dependent on the water level present in the soil. Development of weather patterns and the production of precipitation depend on soil moisture. A number of soil moisture measurement techniques are being developed by various researchers. This paper reviews the various electrical methods of measuring soil moisture, such as the dielectric method, electrical resistance method and electrical capacitance method

Prediction of cloudburst using passive microwave remote sensing

Cloudburst refers to the extreme form of precipitation, with a high amount of rainfall within a short span of time. It often leads to flash flood, landslide and damage of infrastructure due to heavy rainfall. The loss of lives is also not very uncommon. Hence a prediction mechanism of extreme precipitation is the need of the hour. The present paper presents a mechanism of prediction of cloudburst by detecting the formation of cumulonimbus type cloud, using the brightness temperature (TB) difference between 19 and 91 GHz TB values in horizontal polarization and descending passes of the SSMI satellite of NASA. This simple mechanism based on the Tb difference threshold value has been tested for several places in India, during 2013-2016. It is found that the prediction of cloudburst is possible with a lead time of 1-4 days using this algorithm

Design of Micro Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speed Areas: A Review

With the increase in fossil fuel prices and the increase in demand for renewable energy sources, wind turbines play an important role in becoming the alternative technology in the generation of electricity. Since wind is clean and unbounded, wind energy is one of the best renewable sources of energy for the generation of electricity. This paper presents the ideas of designing a small-sized wind turbine or micro wind turbine for low wind speed areas which can be used in many applications like homes, villages, and so on to produce electricity. A small-sized wind turbine or micro wind turbine is a type of turbine that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy and it is used to generate power for small power needs. Additionally, this type of micro wind turbine can be used in rural areas, requiring a very low cost for installation

Potential Use of DC Microgrid for Solar and Wind Power Integration in Rural Areas in India: A Review

This paper describes the possibilities of the application of DC microgrids to solve the rural areas, energy problem in the country (India). DC Microgrids open a gateway for integration of solar and wind energies which together are an efficient and cleaner way of renewable energy generation, which can be integrated into the power distribution network. They have several other advantages, which include - reduction in transmission losses, improvement in power quality & reliability, reduction in emissions and even they are cost effective. The most important characteristic is that it provides a possibility for electrification of remote villages, which are far from the reach of the conventional grid. This paper presents a detailed discussion on the possibility of application of DC microgrids for rural areas in India

Design of Micro Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speed Areas: a Review

With the increase in fossil fuel prices and the increase in demand for renewable energy sources, wind turbines play an important role in becoming the alternative technology in the generation of electricity. Since wind is clean and unbounded, wind energy is one of the best renewable sources of energy for the generation of electricity. This paper presents the ideas of designing a small-sized wind turbine or micro wind turbine for low wind speed areas which can be used in many applications like homes, villages, and so on to produce electricity. A small-sized wind turbine or micro wind turbine is a type of turbine that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy and it is used to generate power for small power needs. Additionally, this type of micro wind turbine can be used in rural areas, requiring a very low cost for installation

Sensitivity Analysis of Microwave Sensors to Various Soil Types and Their Soil Moisture Content

Understanding soil moisture content is extremely important to model areas for suitability analysis of different plantations and to predict natural disasters like landslides, floods, etc. It also influences hydrological and ecological processes. In the present work, a microwave sensing system with transmitter and receiver antennas in the C band is experimented with. The sensitivity of the sensor system is compared with the changes in soil moisture levels for different soil types available in the North Eastern Region of India using the laboratory-based setup. Suitable frequency determination for such a microwave-range soil moisture sensor is directly related to remote sensing satellite applications. The sensor system is found to be highly sensitive to soil moisture changes in various soil types. However, the determination of the exact frequency range that is suitable to detect soil moisture changes in different soil types is required for satellite remote sensing applications in the microwave range. Especially for the typical alluvial soil types of the Brahmaputra valley, a detailed sensitivity study using the microwave sensor is done in the current study. Thus, this paper presents the study results for determining the most suitable C-band frequency for soil moisture monitoring using active microwave sensors

Design of Soil Moisture Sensor for Validation of Passive Microwave Remote Sensed Soil Moisture Data

Soil Moisture is an important parameter that is of immense importance in the field of civil engineering, agriculture and ecology. Development of weather patterns and intake of nutrient by plants depend on soil moisture. In this paper, the design of sensor is described that uses the electrical resistance attribute of soil moisture. The soil moisture product of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 on board GCOM satellite of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is then compared with the soil moisture obtained from the designed sensor. Analysis shows the variability of the soil moisture values measured by both the satellite as well as the actual soil moisture measured by gravimetric method for the samples collected from different locations. The designed sensor shows similar variations in its output. Hence, the designed sensor can be used for checking the variations happening in soil moisture values instantaneously and can be used to validate the soil moisture product of remote sensing satellites for different location